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Nd:YAG Crystal
Nd:YAG is a most commonly used solid-state laser crystal due to Nd:YAG's excellent optical, mechanical, and thermal properties. Example of Nd:YAG's applications: Medicine, Dentistry, Manufacturing, Fluid dynamics, Biophysics, Auotmotive, Military, Cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS), Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), Laser pumping.
YAG physical & chemical properties
Chemical Formula: Y3Al5O12
Crystal Structure: Cubic
Lattice Constants: 12.01Å
Melting Point: 1970 °C
Density: 4.55 g/cm³
Mohs Hardness 8.5
Thermal Expansion Coefficient: 7.8 x 10-6/K [111], 0-250°C
Thermal Conductivity: 14 W/m /K @20°C, 10.5 W /m /K @100°C
Nd:YAG Optical Properties
Refractive Index: 1.82 @1064 nm
Lasing Wavelength: 1064 nm
Stimulated Emission Cross Section: 2.8 x 10-19 cm²
Relaxation Time of Terminal Lasing Level: 30 ns
Radiative Lifetime: 550 ms
Spontaneous Fluorescence: 230 ms
Loss Coefficient: 0.003 cm-1 @ 1064 nm
Pump Wavelength: 807.5 nm
Absorption band at pump wavelength: 1 nm
Linewidth: 0.6 nm
Polarized Emission: Unpolarized
Thermal Birefringence: High
Capability of Nd:YAG Laser Crystal
1) Nd dopant concentration: 0.6 ~ 1.3 atm%
Dopant tolerance: within 10% of concentration.
2) Diameter: 3 ~ 14 mm
3) Length: 1 ~ 160 mm
4) Anti-reflection Coating: R<0.1% @ 1064 nm
High transmission Coating: T>95% @ 808 nm
High reflection Coating: R>99.8% @ 1064 nm
Nd:YAG Laser Crystal General Specification
1) Orientation: <111> crystalline direction (+/-0.5°)
2) Wavefront Distortion: λ/10 per inch
3) Surface quality: better than 20-10 Scratch-Dig
4) Parallelism: 10 arc seconds
5) Perpendicularity: 5 arc minutes
6) Surface flatness: λ/10 at 633 nm
7) Clear aperture: Central 95%
8) Chamfer: 0.15mm @45°
9) Damage threshold: over 15J/cm² (without coating), over 700 MW/cm² (coating)