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Ti:Sapphire Crystal
Titanium-sapphire emits red and near-infrared light in the range from 650 to 1100 nanometers. Ti:Sapphire is especially suitable for ultrashort pulsed laser since an ultrashort pulse inherently contains a wide spectrum of frequency components. Ti:Sapphire is also used in CW laser tunable over wide range. Ti:Sapphire(Al2O3:Ti3+) - titanium-doped sapphire crystals combine supreme physical and optical properties with broadest lasing range, Ti:Sapphire's indefinitely long stability and useful lifetime added to the lasing over entire band of 660-1050 nm challenge "dirty" dyes in variety of applications. Medical laser systems, lidars, laser spectroscopy, direct femtosecond pulse generation by Kerr-type mode-locking - there are few of existing and potential applications.
The absorption band of Ti:Sapphire centered at 490 nm makes it suitable for variety of laser pump sources - argon ion, frequency doubled Nd:YAG and YLF, copper vapour lasers. Ti:Sapphire crystal has 3.2us fluorescence lifetime, so Ti:Sapphire can be effectively pumped by short pulse flashlamps in powerful laser systems.
Ti:Sapphire Physical and Optical Properties
Chemical formula: Ti3+: Al2O3
Crystal structure: Hexagonal
Melting point: 2050 °C
Density: 3.98 g/cm³
Mohs hardness: 9
Thermal conductivity: 0.11 cal/(°C.sec.cm)
Specific heat: 0.10 cal/g
Laser action: 4-Level Vibronic
Lattice constants: a = 4.748, c = 12.957
Fluorescence lifetime: 3.2 µs (T = 300 K)
Tuning range: 660-1050 nm
Absorbtion range: 400-600 nm
Emission peak: 795 nm
Absorption peak: 488 nm
Refractive index: 1.76 @ 800 nm
Specifications of Ti:Sapphire
1) Ti2O3 conentration: 0.06-0.5 wt%
2) Figure of Merit: 100~300
3) Diameter: 2~50 mm
4) Path Length: 2~130 mm
5) End configuration: flat/flat or Brewster/Brewster ends or Specified
6) Orientation: Optical axis C normal to rod axis
7) Absorption@490nm: 1.0~7.5 /cm
8) Flatness: λ/10 @633 nm
9) Parallelism: 10 arc sec
10) Surface quality: 10/5 scratch/dig
11) Wavefront distortion: λ/4 per inch